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During the COVID-19 pandemic, the activities required for child physical development were reduced because classes were conducted remotely. Thus, an interactive edutainment content that can assist the physical and cognitive development of children in indoor environments is required. In this study, we designed an edutainment content production platform (ECPP) that allows teachers to design and produce an educational content using students' movements. Teachers can develop an educational content by analyzing and modifying the children's response to the designed edutainment content. The skeleton tracking of the human body using a depth sensor was used for the user interface and activity analysis. The proposed platform allows teachers to set images and movements for educational icons, as well as visual and sound effects that occur when a child touches the icons. The ECPP includes an activity control function that allows teachers to analyze the amounts of activity and movement, and then adjust the movement level in the edutainment content. In addition, a content management module allows teachers to store and share an interactive content.
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An accurate, convenient, and rapid diagnostic platform, which can be applied in facility-limited or point-of-care (POC) settings, is essential to help prevent the spread of infectious diseases and enable the most effective treatment to be selected. In this study, we describe the development of a new isothermal molecular diagnostic system named multipurpose advanced split T7 promoter-based transcription amplification (MASTER) for the rapid and ultrasensitive detection of various pathogens containing single-stranded RNA and double-stranded DNA. MASTER produces a large number of RNA amplicons in the presence of target pathogens, which generate fluorescence or colorimetric signals based on light-up RNA aptamers or lateral flow assays. Implementing MASTER at 37 °C for<1 h achieved the detection of a single copy per reaction without cross-reactivity. Moreover, the testing of 40 clinical samples revealed that MASTER exhibited excellent accuracy with 100% sensitivity and specificity for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Furthermore, a one-pot MASTER system capable of accelerating practical applications was demonstrated, indicating that the MASTER system is a promising platform for the effective surveillance of various pathogens. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
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This study aims to explore the franchisor social support required for franchisees to overcome the undesirable COVID-19 pandemic and examine the influences of franchisor social support on franchisees' resilience and intention to retain business during the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers employed a PLS-SEM to estimate the model, using 168 valid responses from restaurant franchisees in South Korea who survived the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings demonstrate that the franchisor's affective and appraisal support have a positive and significant influence on franchisees' resilience but do not have significant effects on the intention to retain business. Moreover, the research findings identify that the franchisor's informational and instrumental support does not have significant impacts on franchisee resilience but positive and significant effects on the intention to retain business. The findings also highlight that franchisees' resilience plays a role as a full mediator in the association between franchisor's affective support and franchisees' intention to retain business. However, resilience does not mediate the relationships between the other resources of social support from the franchisor and the franchisees' intention to retain business. The researchers discuss the theoretical contributions and practical suggestions in the conclusion section based on the interesting findings. © 2023 The Authors
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As people have become accustomed to non-face-to-face education because of the COVID-19 pandemic, adaptive and personalized learning is being emphasized in the field of education. Learning paths suitable for each student may differ from those normally provided by teachers. To support coaching based on the concept of adaptive learning, the first step is to discover the relationships among the concepts in the curriculum provided in the form of a knowledge graph. In this study, feature reduction for the target knowledge-concept was first performed using Elastic Net and Random Forest algorithms, which are known to have the best performance in machine learning. Deep knowledge tracing (DKT) in the form of a dual-net, which is more efficient because of the already slimmer data, was then applied to increase the accuracy of feature selection. The new approach, termed the optimal knowledge component extracting (OKCE) model, was proven to be superior to a feature reduction approach using only Elastic Net and Random Forest using both open and commercial datasets. Finally, the OKCE model showed a meaningful knowledge-concept graph that could help teachers in adaptive and personalized learning. © 2013 IEEE.
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Purpose: Uncertain times [e.g. coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] require service businesses to respond in creative, flexible and resilient ways. This paper aims to develop and test the theoretical relationship between digital transformation and organizational resilience (OR), and the consequences of OR on organizations and employees during turbulent times. Design/methodology/approach: A scale development was first conducted with an expert panel. Later, 474 participants who work as employees in small and medium-sized service enterprises were recruited for structural equation modeling (SEM). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and path analysis were conducted to test the relationship between dimensions of digital maturity, dimensions of OR and two consequential variables: organizational performance and employees' state optimism. Findings: Strategic technology investment helps organizations to develop systematic control sustain operations in crises but may not directly contribute to employees' capabilities of accurately understanding external turmoil, actively seeking available resources and rapidly developing adaptive solutions. Transformation management intensity equips an organization with transformative vision, governance and culture, and such transformative built-in leadership enables the organization to embrace employees with talents and innovativeness and help employees grow their capabilities when facing crises. The dimensions of OR have different influences on the organization and employees. Originality/value: This research develops and tests the dimensions and measurement items of OR for the services domain and empirically tested how the dimensions of digital maturity influence the dimensions of OR, and how OR influences the organization's performance and employees' state optimism. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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Purpose: This study was conducted to develop and test the effects of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) education program for nursing students. Methods: This study used a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A total of 71 undergraduate nursing students who had completed a fundamental nursing course and were in their third or fourth year of university participated in this study (experimental group n=38, control group n=33). The COVID-19 education program was developed according to the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The program consisted of three weekly sessions that each lasted about two hours. The data were collected from February 26 to March 26, 2022 and were analyzed using the chi-squared, Fisher's exact, and independent t-tests. Results: Knowledge about COVID-19, knowledge about personal protective equipment and attitudes toward COVID-19 were not significantly different between the experimental and control groups. However, significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups regarding their confidence in COVID-19 patient nursing care (t=3.02, p=.004). Conclusion: It was confirmed that the developed program was effective in enhancing the confidence of nursing students in performing nursing for COVID-19. Therefore, it is proposed that the education program developed in this study be used as part of an infection control education program to improve nursing students' abilities to respond to emerging infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Copyright © 2022 The Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.
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The outbreak of COVID-19 has become a public health emergency of international concern;thus, it is important to not only develop drugs for treating COVID-19 but also develop a method for evaluating the therapeutic effect based on the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. To test the antiviral activity of a drug against COVID-19, in this study, we established and compared experimental conditions, such as the treatment time and mode of action (dose) of the therapeutic substance, and a test method to evaluate its effectiveness. We optimized an assay for testing antiviral activity by plaque reduction, tissue culture infectious dose 50, and quantitative RT-PCR. These methods were applied to test the antiviral efficacy of the therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral activity testing using in vitro assays against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants was assessed by measuring plaque-reducing or cytopathic effects in Vero-E6 cells. The in vitro assay was validated by evaluating the antiviral activity of remdesivir. Remdesivir reduced SARS-CoV-2 titer without detectable cytotoxicity and successfully inhibited viral replication in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, we suggest this in vitro assay as an effective method for testing the antiviral activity for a potential repurposed drug against COVID-19 or rapid screening of therapeutic candidates. Copyright © 2022 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology.
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Purpose Nurses experience insufficient preparation for dealing with the death of their patients (Ferguson & Cosby, 2017). For proper learning, it is necessary for them to expose to the clinical environment during end-of-life care education. However, It is difficult for students to have sufficient end-of-life care training during the clinical training period because of short clinical practice hours, difficulty to access to patients or caregivers in the dying situation, and hardship to guarantee opportunities to experience dying situations (Randall et al., 2018;Smith et al., 2018). Thus, this study aims to examine the effects of an integrated end-of-life education program for nursing students. Method This is a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with two intervention groups and no control group. There were 16 participants in the group 1 while 14 in group 2. Group 1 received both the web-based virtual simulation and a clinical case study seminar on end-of-life care, while group 2 received only the web-based virtual simulation. In order to confirm the effect of the educational program, nursing students' end-of-life care knowledge, attitude toward end-of-life care, and educational self-efficacy were measured and compared through a survey which conducted before and after the program. The analysis included a paired T-test, an independent T-test and a Spearman's rank correlation test in order to compare changes in knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy of the nursing students. Results and Discussion The mean age of participants was 21.73 (SD=1.57), of which 86.7% were women. The satisfaction with the virtual simulation was 3.93 (SD=0.73) in group 1 and 3.75 (SD=0.86) in group 2. There were significant changes in the end-of-life care knowledge (p=0.003) and attitude (p≤0.001) toward end-of-life care in group 1. There was a significant difference only in end-of-life care knowledge (p=0.037) group 2. Self-efficacy did not change significantly in either group, and each change did not show a significant correlation with satisfaction. Also, among each change, only the change in the end-of-life care attitude showed a significant difference between groups, and there was no significant difference in changes of end-of-life care knowledge and educational self-efficacy between both groups. The findings indicate that web-based virtual simulation alone may improve nursing students' knowledge. In particular, due to COVID-19 pandemic in recent years, it is important for students to access to patients and families and have learning opportunities for clinical practice through innovative ways. Virtual simulation may help them improve their clinical competency such as dealing with dying situations, caring for older patients, and communicating with their caregivers. Further research is necessary to examine the effects of not only virtual simulation but also integrated programs that includes clinical components such as case studies in the area of clinical education of end-of-life care for older adults. © 2022, Gerontechnology. All Rights Reserved.
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Purpose Health inequities based on regional disparities can be addressed by regionally tailored services. However, health management strategies for the socioeconomically vulnerable elderly in the city are insufficient high levels of health inequalities based on socioeconomic status. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the need for older adults to stay connected via technology-based interventions amidst periods of social distancing and closure of public centers. The purpose of this study is to describe the preliminary results of a pilot trial of the ‘Health and Wellness Program for Seniors(HWePS)' project, a local community-based, technology-enhanced, multilevel health equity intervention conducted in an urban low-income community in South Korea. Method The study area was selected based on vulnerability in various health and socioeconomic indicators. The sample includes 28 seniors who participated in the first cluster of the project, which operated as a pilot trial. Participants of the pilot trial were purposively sampled for those with relatively higher levels of education and smartphone usage rates to assess feasibility of the technology-based components. The HWePS is an evidence-based, integrated health visit service model comprised of: 1) multichannel health information delivery(instant messaging services or postal mail);2) technology enhanced care-management with tailored nutrition, exercise, emotional, and social intervention programs, 3) region-level intervention including capacity building and creating healthy living environments. Participants utilized a smartphone application linked with a web-based management system, developed by the research team, to participate in the intervention. The application was used to collect initial data on seniors' functional status and needs, to design and deliver case management through task assignment and direct seniors to appropriate local resources. Community health leaders were assigned to seniors to encourage seniors to engage in health behaviors both in person and remotely using the application. To verify the contents of the intervention program and to understand its preliminary effects, health indicators and satisfaction levels were collected through questionnaires before and after the 6-week intervention period. Results and Discussion Pre-post analysis was performed on 23 seniors who had completed the surveys. All 23 participants had utilized the smartphone application during the intervention while levels of usage varied. Nineteen (83%) received weekly health information via IMS, while remaining 17% received it through postal mail. The average age of the sample was 73 with 55% women. 63% had elementary or middle school education and 41% reported a monthly household income of less than 1 million won (≈1,000 USD). After participating in the 6-week intervention, participants showed improvements in self-rated health, health-related quality of life, self-efficacy, and walking practice rate. Overall satisfaction with the project was an average of 7.8 out of 10. The most satisfactory components were reported to be walking encouragement, smartphone education (as part of the region-level capacity building), social relationship activities, and nurse visits. Preliminary findings from project results showed satisfactory results as health indicators generally improved in a positive direction with high amongst participants. In particular, the pilot trial provided evidence for effectiveness of using technology-enhanced health interventions amongst urban-poor older adults. © 2022, Gerontechnology. All Rights Reserved.
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Background. There is limited information describing the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy. The clinical features and the predictive factors for development of hypoxemia were investigated in SARS-Cov-2 infected women during pregnancy. Methods. From August 2020 to February 2022, 410 pregnant women were infected with SARS-CoV-2 who admitted to two hospitals, the National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital in Goyang or the Wonju Severance Christian Hospital in Wonju, Korea. The clinical characteristics and prognosis were compared between pregnant women who required oxygen or not during hospitalization. Results. The mean age of the patients was 33.3 years. The hospitalized pregnant women were categorized into two groups such as no oxygen group and oxygen group. Of 410 patients, 100 (24.4%) required oxygen therapy (81 low-flow, 15 high-flow oxygen and 4 mechanical ventilation including 2 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). In oxygen group, the symptoms such as fever [163 (52.6%) vs 81 (81.0%), p< 0.001] and cough [172 (56.4%) vs 73 (73.0%), p=0.003] were frequently observed. In oxygen group, the frequency of whom were not vaccinated was more [264 (85.2%) vs 98 (98.0%), p=0.003], however, that of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant infected patients was lower [98 (31.6%) vs 18 (18.0%), p=0.009]. The risk for the development of hypoxemic respiratory difficulty was increased if the SARS-CoV-2 infection during third trimester (OR 5.083, 95% CI 1.095-23.593, p=0.038) and elevated C-reactive protein (>=1.0 mg/ dL) at admission (OR 5.878, 95% CI 3.099-11.146, p< 0.001) in the SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women. However, the risk was decreased with vaccination (OR 0.186, 95% CI 0.041-0.838, p=0.028) and omicron variant infection (OR 0.498, 95% CI 0.258-0.961, p=0.038). Conclusion. A quarter of SARS-CoV-2 infected women during pregnancy developed hypoxemic respiratory difficulty. The SARS-CoV-2 infection during third trimester and no vaccination increased the risk for the development of hypoxemic respiratory difficulty in pregnant women.
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Background. The COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing global health emergency. Wastewater-based epidemiology is a valuable tool for supplementing clinical testing in identifying infected individuals early thus containing disease transmission. To assess early detection of COVID-19, a building-level wastewater-based surveillance pilot project was implemented within VHA. Here, we report the results from 2 methods of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of 1073 wastewater samples from VHA CLCs (i.e., nursing homes). Methods. Daily (Monday-Friday) wastewater samples were collected (January 11, 2021, to July 2, 2021) at eight CLCs located across the US and shipped overnight for processing. The samples were heat inactivated by incubating samples in a 65+/-1degreeC heating circulating water bath for 90 minutes. The virus in the wastewater was concentrated using InnovaPrep concentrating pipette select, and RNA was isolated from the concentrate and subjected to reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and RT-digital PCR. If SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the wastewater within the prior 10 days of a virus-positive occupant, the wastewater positivity was regarded as an early warning. Results. Twenty-seven positives and 7 inconclusive results were reported by RT-qPCR during the surveillance. Among the 27, 15 wastewater positives qualified as early warning and 12 positives were not verified by occupant positivity. Digital PCR with a cutoff value of 0.25 copies/uL of RNA for defining positivity had 28 positives qualifying as early warnings, and 115 positives were not verified by occupant positivity (Figure 1). Conclusion. The overall viral loads of the wastewater samples were very low corresponding to the dip in cases seen in the US during the pilot period. Although sensitivity of digital PCR appears (based on 0.25 copies/uL of RNA for defining positivity) higher than that of RT-qPCR, there were more occurrences of unverified early warning that could impact precision. The cut-off selected for RT-digital PCR reported here is arbitrary and lacks industry consensus. More controlled studies are needed to determine sensitivity and precision as well as to standardize RT-digital PCR cutoffs to define positivity for routine use.
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Background/Significance: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe procedure with infrequent cardiovascular complications. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) associated with ECT has been rarely reported. Cases: JP is a 67-year-old woman with Schizoaffective Disorder, admitted for psychosis and depressive symptoms. ECT was planned given lack of response to multiple antipsychotics, including clozapine, prior to admission. After the first ECT, patient had elevated troponin, EKG with precordial biphasic T-waves and T-wave inversions, prolonged QTc, negative coronary CT angiogram, and apical wall motion abnormality in TTE with preserved LVEF. Cardiac abnormalities were hypothesized to be due to clozapine-related myocarditis, TC, or sarcoidosis, and clozapine was replaced with haloperidol. ECT was resumed and notable for episodes of bradycardia requiring glycopyrrolate, and hypertension requiring labetalol, yet after 12 sessions, most of her psychosis and depressive symptoms remitted. MT is a 50-year-old woman with MDD with psychotic features, admitted after suicide attempt by hanging. While in NICU, patient was found to have TC with anterior T-wave inversion on EKG and apical hypokinesis in TTE. New EKG 12 days later for ECT clearance showed anteroseptal ST changes suggestive of ischemia, but coronary CTA was normal, and repeat TTE showed no segmental wall motion abnormalities. ECT was started without further cardiac issue but was discontinued after 5 sessions due to marked improvement in depressive symptoms while having intermittent episodes of post-ECT fever and COVID infection with multifocal pneumonia. NE is a 68-year-old woman with MDD with psychotic features, catatonia, and suspected TC after ECT in 2007, admitted for severe catatonia. During ECT session 3, patient had 4 seconds of asystole on telemetry, immediately following succinylcholine with rapid return of palpable pulse, stable heart rate and blood pressure. Post-procedure EKG and recent TTE were normal, and ECT was continued with rocuronium and sugammadex instead of succinylcholine given its associated risk of asystole. Patient did not have any further episodes of asystole or arrythmia but required multiple medications for high blood pressure during ECT sessions. Discussion(s): Regardless of whether TC was diagnosed during the course or prior to initiation of ECT, the decision to perform ECT was based on patient's symptoms and overall cardiac function. 20 cases of TC associated with ECT have been reported with successful resumption of ECT in 8 cases and varying use of beta-blocker to prevent secondary TC. The reported time between TC and ECT ranges from weeks to months, with our cases being approximately 2 weeks (Medved 2018). Conclusion/Implications: ECT can be safely performed on patients with recent, including intercurrent, or remote TC with pharmacological management to mitigate cardiovascular risks. Reference: Medved S, et al: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy after the first electroconvulsive therapy regardless of adjuvant beta-blocker use: a case report and literature review. Croat Med J. 2018;59:307-12. Copyright © 2022
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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the citizenship of both nationals and non-nationals. We define citizenship as a contested membership among all populations within the territory of a state, encompassing the status, rights, and performativity of the people. We look at changes in the citizenship of non-nationals, particularly the most vulnerable: undocumented migrants. Despite long-standing discrimination against undocumented migrants, the COVID-19 pandemic compelled the South Korean government to reconsider its policies on their citizenship rights. The government provided free tests and treatments, and free vaccinations to the undocumented migrants who had long been ignored in South Korea. It also suspended immigration crackdowns and deportations. While these COVID-19 preventive measures were intended to address community safety, they also affected the multifaceted nature of citizenship by making everybody within the territory both the subject and object of quarantine. Do these measures indicate an expansion of South Korean citizenship to include undocumented migrants? We discuss what implications the South Korean government’s pandemic-response policies may have for citizenship. With the increasing elasticity of citizenship boundaries in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we claim that territorial aspects have been given greater emphasis in the politics of South Korean citizenship. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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In response to the changes in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic situation, Ewha Womans University established Ewha Safe Campus (ESC), an on-campus infection outbreak management system, to allow students and faculty members to safely resume face-to face classes in 2022. The COVID-19 testing station, Ewha Safe Station, is the core element of ESC. Symptomatic students and faculty members perform a combo swab self-PCR test or receive a nasopharyngeal swab PCR test from experts to prevent the spread of COVID-19 through early detection and management. ESC is significant in that it detects infection risks and proactively implements preemptive measures in a university. The COVID-19 health response system model at the university level was applied for the first time in South Korea, reaching a milestone in the history of university health in South Korea. In particular, it is highly valuable that the test was free of charge, as it enabled all of the examinees to have easy access to the test through joint cooperation with the Seegene Medical Foundation. This is a successful example of cooperation between schools and private institutions for public health improvement. In the future, the direct and indirect effects of the establishment and implementation of ESC need to be evaluated and confirmed, and areas requiring improvements need to be identified in preparation for another infectious disease outbreak in the future.
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This study empirically analyzes the effects of four lifestyles of office workers (work and life balance, you only live once (YOLO), minimal life, and staycation), which have been changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, on organizational effectiveness (measured by job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior). A questionnaire survey was conducted over four months through a global research firm. In total, 649 valid questionnaires were collected. A structural equation model analysis was performed on valid samples using SmartPLS statistics. The results were as follows: (1) Work and life balance, YOLO, and minimal life had a statistically significant positive effect on job satisfaction. (2) Minimal life had a statistically significant positive effect on organizational commitment. (3) Work and life balance, and staycation had statistically significant positive effects on organizational citizenship behavior. (4) Job satisfaction had a statistically significant positive effect on organizational commitment. (5) Job satisfaction and organizational commitment had a statistically significant positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. This is the first empirical study to focus on four lifestyles (work-life balance, YOLO, minimal life, and staycation). The results show that job satisfaction was affected the most by YOLO,' that organizational commitment was affected the most by minimal life, and that organizational citizenship behavior was affected the most by work-life balance.
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A comprehensive education of optical engineers is of paramount importance to the development of the industry. While optical sciences and engineering curricula are set up to teach theoretical concepts comprehensively, there appears to be a lack of required coursework that teaches students how to use industry-standard software that they will inevitably use in their careers. The Practical Optics Workshop (POW) is an initiative at the University of Arizona's Wyant College of Optical Sciences to support the education of students that use optical design software. POW's aim is to bridge the gap between the theory of optical system design and the problems the optical engineers of the future will face daily. POW has principally engaged students through short workshop sessions and optical design problems through inquiry-based learning activities. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic new activities have been designed to support self-paced and virtual learning to ensure the accessibility of Optical Design software education. We present the status of POW's current initiatives and how they have impacted student learning, as well as the design of future initiatives that POW is developing for a self-paced curriculum.
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This paper examines how sales of local small businesses can be promoted through COVID-19 stimulus payments. In the beginning of April, 2020, The Gyeonggi provincial government in Korea implemented a stimulus payment program worth up to 500 thousand Korean Won (416 US dollars) per person to encourage local consumption. By exploiting unique features of the stimulus payments that restricted the use of the payments in the municipality of residence at establishments accepting the Gyeonggi local currency, the paper identifies the treatment effect of the stimulus payments, taking a difference-in-difference-in-differences approach. The results suggest that the stimulus payments led to significant increases in card spending in establishments accepting the Gyeonggi local currency, relative to other establishments. The estimated overall spending effect of 4.1% persisted over three weeks, and the effects are heterogeneous across sectors. While the estimated spending effect of the stimulus payments is larger among sectors such as groceries, furniture, and beauty, sectors such as restaurants, leisure, and travel that experienced substantial sales losses did not gain much from the stimulus payments. This suggests that targeting sectors the most severely affected can be a more effective policy measure in terms of alleviating the gaps in COVID-19 induced economic losses across sectors. ©2022 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
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Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the importance of nurses' clinical performance, and accordingly, nursing educators have emphasized students' clinical practice and performance. This study developed a Clinical Practice Self-Efficacy Scale for nursing students and examined its psychometric properties. Methods: The authors reviewed instruments for selecting items for the scale in the areas of clinical skills, communication, infection control, safety, and nursing process. After preliminary items were selected, ten experts consisting of nursing professors and clinical nurses reviewed the items considering Korean clinical and educational situations. The data for the psychometric evaluation was collected from 257 nursing students in their 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years and then analyzed. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the goodness of fit of this scale with five factors represented by 40 items was appropriate. The significant positive correlations with general self-efficacy indicated sound construct validity. The senior nursing students showed higher scores than others, as we expected. Cronbach’s alpha was .94. Conclusion: The Clinical Practice Self-Efficacy Scale is appropriate for measuring Korean nursing students' self-efficacy of clinical practice. It is expected to act as a good tool to measure the effects of clinical practice education. Copyright © 2022 Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.
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Recently, epidemiological investigation technology for identifying infected persons based on smart phone location data has been used to prevent threats by quickly finding close contacts who may be in the early stage of infection. In addition, in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, the technology is used for rehabilitation through video call-based EEG, ECG, and EMG sensor-based treatment support, thereby preventing close contacts with infected people and protecting medical staff and patients. In most cases, there exists security and privacy concerns. This paper studies pseudonymization to protect security and personal privacy. The core of the technology proposal to enhance security and privacy in the loT and sensing-based medical technology environment is to approach the NFC network tagging-based OTAC authentication technology from a completely different perspective. This paper suggests a new service direction that can be used in the development of a system that protects personal security and personal information. The proposed technology is valuable to security and privacy. © 2022 IEEE.